In Data Analytics FULL Course 2026 – Part 06, you learn one of the most important logical concepts in Excel — Conditions and Conjunctions.
These functions help you apply logic to data, automate decisions, clean errors, and build intelligent reports. Every data analyst uses these functions daily while working on dashboards, MIS reports, and real-world business problems.
What Are Conditions and Conjunctions in Excel?
In Excel:
- Conditions check whether something is true or false
- Conjunctions combine multiple conditions together
In this lecture, you learn 6 essential functions:
🔹 Conditional Functions
- IF
- IFS
- IFERROR
🔹 Conjunction (Logical) Functions
- AND
- OR
- NOT
If you understand these six functions well, you can solve 80% of real-world Excel logic problems.
IF Function – The Foundation of Excel Logic
What Does IF Do?
The IF function checks a condition and returns different results based on whether the condition is TRUE or FALSE.
Syntax:
=IF(condition, value_if_true, value_if_false)
Example:
Check exam result:
- Pass if score ≥ 40
- Fail if score < 40
=IF(D2>=40,"Pass","Fail")
📌 Use cases of IF:
- Pass/Fail logic
- Eligibility checks
- Simple decision making
IFS Function – Multiple Conditions in One Formula
When you have more than one condition, using multiple IFs becomes complex.
That’s where IFS comes in.
Syntax:
=IFS(condition1, result1, condition2, result2, ...)
Example: Grade Calculation
- ≥ 80 → A
- ≥ 60 → B
- ≥ 40 → C
- < 40 → Fail
=IFS(
D2>=80,"A",
D2>=60,"B",
D2>=40,"C",
D2<40,"Fail"
)
📌 Important Rule:
IFS stops at the first TRUE condition, so order matters.
AND Function – All Conditions Must Be TRUE
The AND function returns TRUE only if all conditions are satisfied.
Syntax:
=AND(condition1, condition2, ...)
Example: Bonus Eligibility
Employee gets bonus if:
- Department = Sales
- Monthly Sales ≥ Target
- Experience ≥ 2 years
=IF(
AND(C2="Sales",E2>=F2,D2>=2),
"Yes","No"
)
📌 Use AND when:
Every condition must be true.
OR Function – Any One Condition Must Be TRUE
The OR function returns TRUE if at least one condition is satisfied.
Syntax:
=OR(condition1, condition2, ...)
Example: Training Requirement
Training needed if:
- Exam score < 50 OR
- Experience < 1 year
=IF(
OR(E2<50,D2<1),
"Yes","No"
)
📌 Use OR when:
Only one condition needs to be true.
NOT Function – Reverse the Result
The NOT function reverses a logical result.
Example:
Check non-sales employees:
=IF(NOT(C2="Sales"),"True","False")
📌 Note:
NOT is rarely used alone but helps in special logic cases.
IFERROR Function – Error Handling in Excel
In real datasets, formulas often produce errors like:
- #DIV/0!
- #N/A
- #VALUE!
To handle this cleanly, we use IFERROR.
Syntax:
=IFERROR(value, value_if_error)
Example: Sales Ratio
=IFERROR(F2/E2,0)
If division causes an error, Excel shows 0 instead of error.
📌 Common uses of IFERROR:
- Dashboards
- VLOOKUP / XLOOKUP
- Ratio calculations
- Clean reports
When to Use Which Function?
| Function | When to Use |
|---|---|
| IF | Single condition |
| IFS | Multiple conditions |
| AND | All conditions must be true |
| OR | Any one condition must be true |
| NOT | Reverse logic |
| IFERROR | Handle formula errors |
Why These Functions Matter in Data Analytics
These logical functions help you:
- Automate decisions
- Build smart dashboards
- Clean messy data
- Replace manual checks
- Apply SQL-like logic in Excel
They are heavily used in:
- HR analytics
- Sales analysis
- Finance reports
- Performance dashboards
What’s Coming Next?
In the next lecture, you’ll learn:
- MATCH & INDEX
- REGEXEXTRACT
- REGEXMATCH
- REGEXREPLACE
- REGEXTEST
These functions will take your Excel skills to a data-cleaning and lookup expert level.